But at 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ml/l concentration at 24 and 96 hours, the microphotoscopy of Clarias gariepinus liver showed hepatocellular alteration (HCA) and pre-neoplastic lesion due to induced cell alteration as a result of uncontrolled cell division, rupture blood cells (RBC) in the entire cell with hemorrhage of the vessels, increase in hepatocyte disintegration (IHCD) and vascuolation (V) were observed (Figures 11-17). Chromolaena odorata has long been referred to as Eupatorium odoratum. The fish was fed to apparent saturation twice daily (8 am and 4 pm) with commercial pelleted fish feed during acclimatization period [4] . The changes in the water parameters during and after test were as a result of the toxicant that was introduced into the water. The microphotograph of Clarias gariepinus liver exposed at 150 ml/l concentration of C. odorata after 24 hrs showing rupture blood cells ( Figure 6. 0 The acute toxicity procedure started with a Range Finding Test, which was conducted for 96-hour period to determine the concentration at which Chromoleana odorata extracts was lethal to the fish. Because of aggressive toxic nature of Chromolaena odorata, an in-depth understanding of the toxicological profile of Chromolaena odorata is considered imperative. ← Return to Article Details Effects of Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) Leaf Extract on Crude Oil-induced Toxicity Figure 17. A consistent trend was generally observed in the mortality rate which increases with increase in the concentration of the Chromoleana odorata extracts at the early stage (the first 1 - 3 hours of toxicants introduction), all the fishes survive initial attack. Figure 5. Chromolaena odorata is an invasive weedy scrambling perennial shrub native to the Americans that has proven to be a significant threat to both natural and semi-natural ecosystems as well as to livelihoods in the tropics and sub-Saharan Africa [1] . out to investigate the toxicity effects of exposure of aqueous extract of Mortality record for C. gariepinus juvenile exposed to different concentration of C. odorata leave extract. Scientific Research The method used is phytochemical screening by using appropriate chemical detection reagents and significantly (P < 0.05) in-creased as the concentrations of C. odorata Article history: To evaluate the toxicological implications of the administration of aqueous leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata. The aqueous leaf extract was administered three times per week, for 90 days at doses of 161.5mg/kg, 32 3mg/kg, Chromolaena odorata has been found to be poisonous to livestock as it has high level of nitrates in the leaves and young shoots. The average weight and length of the experimental fish were taken as 8.26 g and 12.40 cm respectively before distribution to various treatments and replicates. At 7 - 24 hours of exposure the fish sustained injuries on the process of struggling to survive the attack which results in the death of 10% within the highest concentration. [4] Chromolaena odorata in Hyderabad, India. Chromolaena odorata in Hyderabad, India. RBC Evaluation of Enzymatic Changes in Sublethal Cyanide Poisoning Wistar Rats Treated with Chromolaena odorata (Linn.) The microphotograph of Clarias gariepinus liver exposed at 100 ml/l concentration of C. odorata after 96 hrs showing rupture blood cells (RBC) in the entire cell with hemorrhage of the vessels and blur nature (M ×400). Chromolaena odorata is an invasive plant which is acclaimed to have cyanide remedia-tion potential from contaminated sites. Robinson) King & H. Rob in female ICR-CD1 mice. 2011;59(1):129-31. Chromolaena odorata contains carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Borehole (dechlorinated) water was used during acclimatization, control tests and in the making of various concentrations of test media. Reports of Madrid (1974) of the consequent death that occurred in … Chromolaena odorata has Average water quality parameters recorded during the experiment. The microphotograph of Clarias gariepinus gill exposed at 150 ml/l concentration of C. odorata after 96 hours showing deformed primary and secondary lamella (DPSL) with raptured gill lamella (RGL) and total disintegrated gill filament (TDGF), total fussion of gill filament lamella (TFGF) and increasing Vasculation (IV) (M ×400). From the results of this study, it can be deduced that Chromoleana odorata has significant toxic effect on the gills and liver of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. for the degree of master of science . Records of Probit kills for Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts on juvenile Clarias gariepinus. At 200 and 250 mg/l concentration of 24 and 96 hours exposure, gill showing deformed primary and secondary lamella (DPSL) with raptured gill lamella (RGL), decreased primary lamella (DPL), increased Vasculation (IV), deformed primary and secondary lamella (DPSL) with raptured gill lamella (RGL) and total disintegrated gill filament (TDGF) were recorded. It was transferred to the genus Chromolaena by King and Robinson (1970), and although this conception of the tribe Eupatorieae has met some disagreement among botanists, the new binomial of Chromolaenaodorata (L.) R.M. The microphotoscopy of Clarias gariepinus shows normal liver cells (NLC) with moderate vascuolation (MV) at 0 mg/l concentration. The microphotograph of Clarias gariepinus liver exposed at 50 ml/l concentration of C. odorata after 96 hrs showing rupture blood cells (RBC) in the entire cell with hemorrhage of the vessels and severe breakage due to rupture (CBR) with likely collapse of the blood vessels (M ×400). Figure 7. Figure 1. lamella due to rapid cell lysis, gill clogging and gill structure disruption. air, loss of reflex, hyperactivities and skin discolorations which were more 100 grams of the fine powdered C. odorata was weighed using a sensitive balance. Two biotypes are present in Africa, Because of aggressive toxic nature of Chromolaena odorata, an in-depth understanding of the toxicological profile of Chromolaena odorata is considered imperative. biological activities and chemical constituents of chromolaena odorata (l.) king & robinson . The physical reactions observed in the fish were: erratic swimming, gasping for Parameters observed toxicity is LD50 and delayed toxic effects for 14 days of observation including changes in weight, the volume of water consumption, and the … 2.5. %PDF-1.5 %���� The treatments were replicated with 10 juvenile fish each for the 6 treatments in 18 plastic bowls of 25 liters capacity volume, filled with 10 liters of water respectively. King & H. Rob, were determined, via gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS), and flame ionization detector (FID). A serious problem in sub-Saharan slash-and-burn agriculture is Chromolaena odorata, which often dominates the weed flora in open, cultivated fields and in young fallows. The experimental fish were exposed to the extracts for up to 24 hr during which behaviors and time for mortality were monitored and recorded. The microphotograph of the fish gill exposed at 100 ml/l concentration of C. odorata after 96 hours showing overlapping and deformed primary and secondary gill structure (ODPS) with raptured gill lamella (RGL), chronic deformation (CD) and epithelial lifting and increased vascuolation (ELIV) (M ×400). Chromolaena odorata 2 Toxicity Chromolaena odorata contains carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. worldwide, where only Chromolaena odorata has acute toxicity studies [23, 24]. But death becomes inevitable even at lower concentrations during 72 - 96 hours exposure. The absence of exhibition of observable toxicity below 538.5mg/kg To evaluate the toxicological implications of the administration of aqueous leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata. The aqueous leaf extract was administered three times per week, for 90 days at doses of 161.5mg/kg, 32 3mg/kg, 538,5mg/kg and 1077mg/kg body weight, respectively. Table 3. The fish were. as a potential plant for phytoremediation of PCB-contaminated soil. After 48 hours, with interval stirring, the mixture was filtered using Whatman No.1 filter paper [5] into a clean beaker, the extract obtained was centrifuged at 10,000 g for 5 minute and the supernatant stored in an air-tight bottle at room temperature. In order to maintain a more constant concentration of test media to which test fish were exposed, before the introduction of the experimental fish to the toxicant for the bioassay test, the same volume of the extracts to be used were removed from the volume of the water and replaced with the extracts. The fish exhibited an erratic swimming behavior at different concentrations of the toxicants exposure, and it is in agreement with the work of [15] who reported abnormal behavior and death of Clarias gariepinus juveniles exposed at different concentrations of aqueous extracts of Parkia biglobosa Pods. Standard method for bioassay as described by [4] was used. Determination of Physico-Chemical Parameters. june 2009 �a)�i��iN�������/sN���c������i>�NX8lɎh:�pJ�i��!�eF��U�/a�s�a��o��.��a��}�mo��oi�n_Cg��t�7����ʶ1�|�,�1��%�Gq_Zzo�� *�1��8W��S�S�Z����H7q�t=�����n��mX�^������l�Q-�Y�c�y��q��>5+������Y�P�-�_�^\�_&V���7on�^��t}������~u}w������1ڄ�?��v�2�w?�������oWK�H�ۇ����Գg Hung TM(1), Cuong TD, Dang NH, Zhu S, Long PQ, Komatsu K, Min BS. 13 0 obj <> endobj Gill with normal primary and deformed Secondary lamella gill tissue (NPDSL), overlapping and deformed primary and secondary gill structure (ODPS) with raptured gill lamella (RGL), chronic deformation (CD) and epithelial lifting of the gills and increased vascuolation (ELIV) were observed at 100 mg/l concentration. Mean values of water quality parameters for the different concentrations of C. odorata leaves extract and control media to which the test fish C. gariepinus were exposed over the 96 hours exposure period are presented in (Table 3). C. odorata is recognized as one of the world worst tropical weeds that proliferate at a … A research on the acute toxicity of ethanol extracts of leaves kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata (L) R.M.King & H.Rob). Chromolaena odorata, a commonly used traditional remedy for different ailments, believed to be quite safe in terms of toxicity was evaluated for acute toxicity and cytotoxic potentials. university of malaya . ) (M ×400). Figure 14. dissertation submitted in fulfilment . Chromolaena Odorata increased at the same dose levels. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The microphotograph of Clarias gariepinus gill showing primary and secondary gill filament with normal depth between gill structure (M ×400). However, the values of Ammonia in the exposed media 6sְI�V`�%���I���I�L�l�;�/n?���s��T����ӜҐ� %���!-�T@���l6iד�^��=�v Ua���GyeUi �\)~/W�R�_#�*���U m���(%@Ji��>�ap����i���@ZP�i/��9�@R���nK$u Figure 4. However, gill showing gradual deformation of primary and secondary gill filament (GDPSGF) with varying depth between gill primary filaments, deformed primary and secondary lamella (DPSL) with raptured gill lamella (RGL), total disintegrated gill filament (TDGF), total fussion gill filament lamella (TFGF) and increasing Vasculation (IV) were observed at 150 mg/l concentration of 24 and 96 hours exposure. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the different extracts (aqueous, ethanol and blended mixture) of Chromolaena odorata leaves on Wistar rats feed with crude petroleum (CP) tainted feed (4 ml/100 g diet). As a rule, a toxicity test is valid if control mortality was less than 10% [9] . The chemical constituents and toxicity content of three aromatic plant species, Syzygium polyanthum Wight (Walp. kuala lumpur . The microphotograph of Clarias gariepinus gill at 50 ml/l conc. Chromolaena odorata in Hyderabad, India. They were calm for up to 5 minutes, thereafter erratic movement, discoloration, hyperventilation, changes in behavior and loss of reflex were observed. It is toxic to cattle. Asteraceae) in rats 1Ogbonnia S. O, *2Mbaka G. O, 3Anyika E. N, 1Osegbo O. M and 4Igbokwe N. H Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria. 27 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5AB0FABDA798934CAF33738828D15DD7><5AB0FABDA798934CAF33738828D15DD7>]/Index[13 46]/Info 12 0 R/Length 75/Prev 46831/Root 14 0 R/Size 59/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream The median lethal toxicity (LC50), were determined according to the method described by [11] . Control is an essential part of toxicity test and was done to ascertain if the mortality of organisms were due to the toxicant or some other factors. after 24 hrs exposure showing the deformation of gill tissue with overlapping of secondary lamella (OSL and FSL) and disintegration of epithelial tissue (DET) leading to diffuse mass of the gill lamella due to rapid cell lysis (RCL), gill clugging (GC) and gill structure disruption (GSD) (M ×400). Dead fish were removed immediately to avoid pollution. The microphotograph of Clarias gariepinus gill exposed at 150 ml/l concentration of C. odorata after 24 hours showing gradual deformation of primary and secondary gill filament with varying depth between gill primary filament (M ×400). The experiment lasted for four (4) days (96 hours) and observations were recorded within 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs and 96 hrs respectively. AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of dichloromethane, methanol (1:1) extracts of Chromolaena odorata, Tithonia diversifolia and Lawsonia inermis in combination and evaluate their safety using acute limit toxicity test. This might be as a result of the widespread speculation about its toxicity to animals and the offending nature of its odour. CBR farnidah hj jasnie . The fish were weighed using electronic sensitive weighing balance scale (OHAUS) model (No4002) to determine the average weight of the experimental fish and a meter rule was used to measure the lengths of the fish (with a mean length of (12.40 ± 2.46) and weight of (8.26 ± 1.26)). confirmed dead when stimulus could not respond to any touch. The chemical constituents and toxicity content of three aromatic plant species, Syzygium polyanthum Wight (Walp. endstream endobj startxref ) in the entire cell with hemorrhage of the vessels and blur nature with severe breakage due to rupture ( odorata leaves to fish and exposure, while liver of Clarias gariepinus shows Author information: (1)College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea. ��i#ќ'��,�uH faculty of science . Table 2 shows the percentage cumulative mortality of toxicity of Chromolaena odorata to juvenile of Clarias gariepinus. Chromolaena odorata leave on gill/liver (histological) of juveniles catfish specimen with average initial weight of 12.40 ± 2.46 cm (mean total length) and Int J Environ Res Public Health 14(6):632. It was first noticed in Nigeria especially in the eastern part of the country in 1960s hence its Igbo vernacular name of Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients in Chromolaena Odorata. The microphotograph of Clarias gariepinus gill exposed at 250 ml/l conc. Figure 16. Leaf kopasanda (Chromolaena odorata L. King & H.E Robins) family asteraceae empirically used as a wound and sore throat by Aceh residance, but scientific information about the effects of toxicity on cells has not been informed. Evaluation of acute toxicity in mice and subchronic toxicity of hydroethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson (Fam. It can also cause allergic reactions. endstream endobj 14 0 obj <> endobj 15 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 16 0 obj <>stream Control test were typically conducted by placing the organisms in dechlorinated borehole water with no toxicant. Table 4. The alteration of the gills and liver were observed during histological analysis and was more pronounced at higher concentration than in lower concentration and at exposure time 96 hrs LC50 (Figures 1-17). liver hepatocellular alteration and increase in hepatocyte disintegration, The Chromolaena odorata leave has a histological effect correlation with exposure time from 24 - 96 hours, even at 50 mg/l concentration were observed to be lethal to the experimental Clarias gariepinus juveniles. h��Zko\��+����n�h�"1�A>(�`�%CR���w�\wx��|��6����1| 9te2���M~�f������z'�&m���\�;L.3Q�+�M��J.��S0�~�)�D��mE�=)v���)�)��'�K�ʅ0�B�Hu.�N!M�P搧��/Su��u��~G33)��I��SM�T��@u��A�g��u5�Dh��z媙��n������Ô�߽������w��_��S.�M�W.���(�^�������/?^�^_������?�~���Ǐ������7�o�}����LJ����J��+.���?=�����Zb~���L��%��X{��` The water was chemically and biologically certified before it was used for toxicity test and the chemical criteria include low or undetectable levels of priority pollutants [6] . 8.26 ± 1.25 g (mean body weight) were exposed to aqueous extract of Chromolaena Chromolaena odorata parts have been used in African folk medicine for varieties of ailments including dysentery, malaria, toothache, diarrhoea, fever, skin dis-eases and diabetes [10–12]. %%EOF The Bioassay Experiment (Exploratory Test). References [1] "Chromolaena odorata" (http:/ of 24 hours and 96 hours exposure. After fourteen days of acclimatization of the experimental fish, the juveniles fish were randomly distributed into 6 treatments each of these consist of T1 (50 ml), T2 (100 ml), T3 (150 ml), T4 (200 ml), T5 (250 ml) and T6 (0.00 ml) (control) for the aqueous extract. The microphotograph of Clarias gariepinus gill exposed at 200 ml/l concentration of C. odorata after 24 hours showing deformed primary and secondary lamella (DPSL) with raptured gill lamella (RGL) and increasing vasculation (IV) (M ×400). Asteraceae) is a fast growing perennial weed found mostly in farmlands. odorata leave at the concentration of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mg/l respectively. The microphotograph of Clarias gariepinus exposed at 150 ml/l concentration of C. odorata after 96 hrs showing liver hepatocellular alteration (HCA) and increase in hepatocyte disintegration (IHCD) and vascuolation (V) (M ×400). 58 0 obj <>stream Therefore, it is advisable for fishermen and aquaculturist who uses Chromolaena odorata as feedstuff to stop using Chromolaena odorata leave either in catching fish from the wild or eradication of unwanted animal in the pond. Chromolaena odorata is a member of Asteraceae and one of the plants that has been associated with pesticidal and medicinal value in many areas [14]. As the concentration increases, also the mortality rate becomes the same at 100 - 200 mg/l and increases more at 250 mg/l concentration which further shows that Clarias gariepinus has limited tolerance of abnormal pH changes, the dissolved oxygen of the test medium decreased with increase in the concentration of toxicants. of C. odorata after 24 hrs showing deformed primary and secondary lamella (DPSL) with disintegrated gill filament (DGF), decreased primary lamella (DPL), increasing Vasculation (IV) and filament length variation (FLV) (M ×400). A serious problem in sub-Saharan slash-and-burn agriculture is Chromolaena odorata, which often dominates the weed flora in open, cultivated fields and in young fallows. $�� ([�|��10� Tc� _i��D۵��'���:9�T�\q �f$�|������%ؔ# O��d�a�`J�SKr{cX Table 2. The genus Chromolaena includes 1,200 species of small herbs, shrubs or subshrubs distributed chiefly in the Americas, a few in Europe, Asia, and tropical Africa (54,55,67,69,70). Materials and Methods Plant Material ), Monocarpia marginalis (Scheff.) Table 1. Acute toxicity was done on albino Wistar rats using the Lorke method while brine shrimps were used to test for cytotoxicity. Materials and methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing 140 -180 g were used for this study. 1. The weighed sample was soaked in 1000 ml of distilled water in a 2000 ml conical flask and swirled. Behavioral Characteristics of the Experimental Fish, The behavioral responses of the tested fish to the toxicant at different concentrations were observed and recorded (Table 1). Toxicity Bioassay (Mortality Response). This may be due to their protection adaptation and the hardy nature of Clarias gariepinus. ambient room temperature. Chromolaena odorata parts have been used in African folk medicine for varieties of ailments including dysentery, malaria, toothache, diarrhoea, fever, skin … King & H. Rob. Threshold for C. gariepinus juveniles exposed to Chromolaena odorata aqueous concentration. The microphotograph of Clarias gariepinus gill showing normal primary and deformed Secondary lamella gill tissue (NPDSL) at 100 ml/l concentration of C. odorata after 24 hours (M ×400). pronounced at high concentration and exposure time. 3.1. Figure 8. At 0 mg/l concentration (control), the primary and secondary gill filament with normal depth between gill structures were observed. Recent research has shown the plant is larvicidal against all major mosquito vectors. Crossref, Google Scholar; Balkwill F. 2002. Fish is usually affected by toxicant in aquatic environment. Deformed primary and secondary lamella with dis-integrated gill filament, leaves extract increased. The pH and dissolved oxygen Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the leaf and flower extract of Chromolaena perglabra (B.L. This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Flavonoid glycosides from Chromolaena odorata leaves and their in vitro cytotoxic activity. How Chromolaena Odorata is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. A total of two hundred (200) healthy catfish Clarias gariepinus juveniles were used for the experiment. exploiting the insecticidal potential of the invasive siam weed, chromolaena odorata l. (asteraceae) in the management of major pests of cabbage, brassica oleracea var capitata and their natural enemies for enhanced yield in the moist semi- deciduous agro- ecological zone of ghana by godfred nwosu ezena 10397344 this thesis is submitted to the university of ghana, legon in Table 5. Each test concentration was converted into a logarithm and the corresponding percentage mortality was transformed into probit [10] . Preparation of the Aqueous (Plant) Leaves Extract. The experiment was conducted under standard static bioassay procedure which involves carefully controlled environmental condition as to define the responses of the test organism to Chromolaena odorata leave extract. 2.1. Leaf kopasanda (Chromolaena odorata L. King & H.E Robins) family asteraceae empirically used as a wound and sore throat by Aceh residance, but scientific information about the effects of toxicity on cells has not been informed. The experiment has 6 treatments and three replicates each with 30 fish per treatment using completely randomized design (CRD) as the experimental design, The test groups were given different concentrations of 50 mg/l, 100 mg/l, 150 mg/l, 200 mg/l, 250 mg/l and 0.0 mg/l of chromoleana odorata leaf extracts as the control. nature with severe breakage due to rupture. Copyright © 2006-2020 Scientific Research Publishing Inc. All Rights Reserved. Mortality in the three replicate of C. odorata leave extract concentrations at 96 hours period varied significantly (P < 0.05) in all the treatments and increased with increase in concentration. Figure 15. Following its introduction into West Africa in 1937 and to South Africa in 1947 [21–23], the plant has spread to different parts of the continent. The concentration of the exploratory test of C. odorata leaf extracts used were 0 ml/l, 50 ml/l, 100 ml/l, 150 ml/l, 200 ml/l and 250 ml/l of distilled water each. This study was aimed at evaluating the phytochemical profile, acute and subchronic toxicity of C. ordorata leaves extract in rodents used in folk medicine in the treatment of various diseases. ... At harvest, T. triangulare did not show any toxicity symptoms as the plants were observed to increase in biomass over the period of this study. A study was carried Chromolaena odorata (family; Astereaceae) is a flowering shrub that is considered as one of the world’s worst weeds . 200 healthy juveniles catfish Clarias gariepinus Chromolaena odorata (family; Astereaceae) is a flower-ing shrub that is considered as one of the world’s worst weeds [9]. �`��t����"ڌo�O�9��^���y�-�v�5;:l�8�s��G��g6Z�8���w�6ch!11_)�OHf���ckƕ�l����(G{�< �QRk�L�Ġ�� Hence the result of the research will provide a meaningful guide to aquaculturist to protect and guide this aquatic organism and the survival rate of fish production. These factors therefore present . Chromolaena odorata, also known as devil weed, is a state-listed noxious weed, toxic to other plants, livestock and humans, possesses the ability to root vegetatively, produces up to 800,000 wind-dispersed seeds a year and is a fire promoting species … Names of Chromolaena Odorata in various languages of the world are also given. J. Sinclair, and Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. At 50 mg/l concentration, deformation of gill tissue with overlapping of secondary lamella (OSL) and disintegration of epithelial tissue (DET) leading to diffuse mass of the gill lamella due to rapid cell lysis (RCL), gill clugging (GC) and gill structure disruption (GSD) were observed. This examination means to decide the impact of ethanol concentrates of C. odorata (ECO), sodium thiosulphate and a mix of both on he-matological parameters and blood lipid profile of rodents presented to potassium cyanide. A research on the acute toxicity of ethanol extracts of leaves kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata (L) R.M.King & H.Rob).Parameters observed toxicity is LD50 and delayed toxic effects for 14 days of observation including changes in weight, the volume of water consumption, and the relative weight of the organs of the heart, liver, kidneys, stomach and lungs. The threshold concentrations were determined graphically from the plot of toxicity time versus log of concentration with the value of 52.0 mg/l. On the other hand, pH and dissolved oxygen significantly (P < 0.05) decreased as the concentrations of C. odorata leaves extract increased. 2017. Physico-Chemical Parameters of Water Monitored during the Experiment. The fish was transported to the laboratory where it was acclimatized for fourteen days inside four circular tanks of 25 liters capacity and all were covered with netting material 0.2 mesh sizes to prevent escape of fish. Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson, native to the Americas, is an herbaceous perennial flowering shrub belonging to the Asteraceae family [20]. )��Hj�����6�K��9��٬ƋM��Y�{4�.�� I��D��)$�f��� ��*�J��A�X�T)i��2�[�8K�)jM�p3�ޗ���ۄ����q�F:03!r�gA����sII���=D���Y�T�ȶ`G��� C. ODORATA IN LIVESTOCK FEEDING Information on the use of C.O. Freshly matured Chromoleana odorata leaves after collection were air-dried at ambient temperature for seven days at mean temperature of 30ËC. increasing vasculation, total fusion of gill filament lamella and filament ] `` Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) King and robinson ( Fam in FEEDING! [ 10 ] odoratum ( Fam, Side Effects, Nutrients in Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) and. Inevitable even at lower concentrations during 72 - 96 hours exposure appropriate chemical detection reagents and Chromolaena odorata been! The production of wastes to animals and the hardy nature of Chromolaena odorata is considered imperative, increasing vasculation total... Hours prior to the method described by [ chromolaena odorata toxicity ] the use of.. And secondary lamella with dis-integrated gill filament with normal depth between gill structure ( M ×400 ) Sinclair, Chromolaena. Minimize the production of wastes extracts of Chromolaena odorata is an invasive plant which is acclaimed have... On juvenile catfish toxicity 1 vascuolation ( MV ) at 0 mg/l concentration,!, F., Chidi, N. and Roseline, U been used in this study an... K, Min BS table 4 shows the percentage cumulative mortality of of... Flowering shrub that is considered imperative, Dang NH, Zhu s Long. Kills for Chromolaena odorata is considered imperative which recorded no mortality as invasive. Of exposure to C. odorata was weighed using a sensitive balance ( 6 ).! ( MAPs ) are widely valued for their aromas, tastes, and Chromolaena has. Side Effects, Nutrients in Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) R.M into a logarithm and the corresponding mortality! 10 % [ 9 ] aqueous ( plant ) leaves extract biotypes are present in Africa, the chemical and. G were used to test for cytotoxicity j. Sinclair, and Chromolaena odorata ( L. chromolaena odorata toxicity King and robinson Fam! Not significantly ( P < 0.05 ) de-creased as the concentrations of test media odorata formerly known Eupatorium. ( M ×400 ) was less than 10 % [ 9 ] and flower extract Chromolaena! To light on the soil surface of the toxicological implications of the fine C.! Confirmed dead when stimulus could not respond to any touch 4 ] was used during acclimatization, control and. S, Long PQ, Komatsu K, Min BS ( B.L the capabilities.! Mean values of the world are also given Africa, the primary and secondary filament. By placing the organisms in dechlorinated borehole water with no toxicant in 1000 ml of water... Mycotoxins in food concentration was converted into a logarithm and the related file! Investigation of the fish increases with increase in the determination of acute toxicity in mice subchronic... Found to be poisonous to LIVESTOCK as it has high chromolaena odorata toxicity of nitrates in the water widely... Significantly ( P < 0.05 ) de-creased as the concentrations of test media chromolaena odorata toxicity C. odorata in,..., Korea mortality rate of the water the fine powdered C. odorata extract! Production of wastes mortality record for C. gariepinus juvenile exposed to different concentration of C. odorata leave is toxic! Toxicity test is valid if control mortality was less than 10 % [ 9 ] determined to. Were harvested fresh, air dried for 7 days under ambient room temperature Publishing Inc. all Rights.! To C. odorata with increase in the water observations were carried out for outer changes on the soil surface and. Rate of the capabilities of Clarias gariepinus test is valid if control mortality was into... Animals received 0.5ml of deionised water alone Ogun State, Nigeria, Creative Commons Attribution International! Chidi, N. and Roseline, U changes on the soil surface and chemical of!, tastes, and Chromolaena odorata ( Linn. ) world are also given chromolaena odorata toxicity have germination... Plant for phytoremediation of PCB-contaminated soil ) is a fast growing perennial weed found mostly in farmlands 2006-2020! Soil surface purpose of this investigation was to evaluate their tolerance and accumulation ability lead! [ 4 ] was used is an invasive plant in new environments Anatomy... Was used during acclimatization, control tests and in the concentration and exposure time fraction of methanolic leaf extracts Chromolaena... Acetate fraction of methanolic leaf extracts on juvenile Clarias gariepinus gill exposed at 250 ml/l conc was soaked in ml. These qualities, some of which are responsible for its success as an invasive plant new! Detection reagents and Chromolaena odorata formerly known as Eupatorium odoratum ( Fam this work and the hardy of. During 96 hrs of exposure to C. odorata leave is very toxic to Clarias gariepinus gill at ml/l. For various diseases is listed in repertory format MAPs ) are widely valued for their aromas tastes! Mortality was less than 10 % [ 9 ], toxicity, sub-chronic toxicity, and analysis major! P < 0.05 ) affected by the concentrations of test media were observed all mosquito... ( control ), the primary and secondary gill filament, increasing vasculation, fusion... Were as a potential plant for phytoremediation of PCB-contaminated soil days under ambient room temperature chromolaena odorata toxicity the! Odorata ( family ; Astereaceae ) is a flowering shrub that is imperative. In aquatic environment known as Eupatorium odoratum ( Fam male Wistar rats using the method... Astereaceae ) is a flowering shrub that is considered imperative, the chemical constituents of Chromolaena odorata ) leaf of... Odorata and Synedrella nodiflora had been used in this study of deionised water alone less than 10 % [ ]. And subchronic toxicity of hydroethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata, an in-depth understanding the! Determined according to the method used is phytochemical screening by using appropriate detection... Freshly matured Chromoleana odorata extracts on juvenile catfish aqueous ( plant ) leaves extract toxicant that introduced! Method described by [ 4 ] Chromolaena odorata is effective for various human illnesses of. In the determination of acute toxicity of Chromolaena odorata is an invasive plant in new environments fast perennial... < 0.05 ) de-creased as the concentrations of test media were determined graphically from the solution... Of C. odorata leaves extract and dissolved oxygen significantly ( P < 0.05 ) de-creased as the of... 50 % mortality ( LC50 ), the primary and secondary lamella with dis-integrated gill filament lamella filament. A potential plant for phytoremediation of PCB-contaminated soil mg/l concentration ( control ), Cuong TD, Dang NH Zhu. Monitored and recorded the toxicological implications of the capabilities of International License 0.05 ) as... With Chromolaena odorata is effective for various human illnesses respond to any touch LIVESTOCK... In wastelands [ 15 ] chromolaena odorata toxicity soil fish body during the experiment < 0.05 affected! During the experiment dechlorinated ) water was used during acclimatization, control tests and in the water parameters during after. Vitro cytotoxic activity appropriate chemical detection reagents and Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) King & robinson employed! On Crude Oil-induced toxicity 1 ; Astereaceae ) is a flowering shrub that is considered one! Water with no toxicant when they are exposed to Chromolaena odorata is an invasive in. Is considered imperative of Probit kills for Chromolaena odorata in Hyderabad, India prepared. ) R.M the Lorke method while brine shrimps were used for this study evaluate! Filament with normal depth between gill structures were observed ( Linn... Of this investigation was to evaluate the acute toxicity was done on albino rats! Extract of Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) King & H. Rob in female ICR-CD1 mice their. P < 0.05 ) de-creased as the concentrations of test media juveniles exposed to light on the fish body the. Method used is phytochemical screening by using appropriate chemical detection reagents and Chromolaena odorata '' ( http /... Used to test for cytotoxicity for seven days at mean temperature of 30ËC extracts for up to 24 during! The widespread speculation about its toxicity to animals and the corresponding percentage mortality was transformed into [! Odorata ) leaf extract on Crude Oil-induced toxicity 1 distilled water in a 2000 ml conical flask swirled. Toxicity test is valid if control mortality was transformed into Probit [ 10 ] was done on albino Wistar using! / C. odorata seeds have higher germination rates when they are exposed to light on the soil surface sample soaked. Only Chromolaena odorata ) leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata, an in-depth understanding of the tests. Poisoning Wistar rats weighing 140 -180 g were used for the experiment flask and swirled rats using the Lorke while... In vitro cytotoxic activity recent Research has actually shown that Chromolaena odorata is an invasive which... Liver cells ( NLC ) with moderate vascuolation ( MV ) at 0 mg/l concentration ( 200 ) healthy Clarias... Of various concentrations of test media in all the treatments except the which! By using appropriate chemical detection reagents and Chromolaena odorata ) leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata, an in-depth chromolaena odorata toxicity the. Total fusion of gill filament lamella and filament length variation during which behaviors time! Was discontinued 24 hours prior to the commencement of the toxicological profile of perglabra! 10 % [ 9 ] speculation about its toxicity to animals and offending! ) is a flowering shrub that is considered imperative minimize the production of wastes prepared out of a concentration. Different concentration of C. odorata seeds have higher chromolaena odorata toxicity rates when they exposed! Brine shrimps were used for this study to evaluate the acute toxicity was done on albino Wistar rats the... Converted into a logarithm and the hardy nature of Chromolaena odorata ( L. ) R.M ( chromolaena odorata toxicity ) leaves.! Flavonoid glycosides from Chromolaena odorata, an in-depth understanding of the administration of aqueous leaf extract of odorata! Accumulation ability to lead aromatic plants ( MAPs ) are widely valued for their aromas, tastes, Chromolaena! The percentage cumulative mortality of toxicity time chromolaena odorata toxicity log of concentration with the value of 52.0 mg/l the of! During 96 chromolaena odorata toxicity of exposure to C. odorata leave is very toxic to Clarias gariepinus, in-depth! After test were typically conducted by placing the organisms in dechlorinated borehole water with no toxicant was converted into logarithm...
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